Facebook Badge
الخميس، يناير 13، 2022
الثلاثاء، سبتمبر 08، 2015
الأحد، نوفمبر 04، 2012
السبت، أكتوبر 06، 2012
إعلان بشأن حقوق الأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات قومية أو إثنية وإلى أقليات دينية ولغوية
إعلان بشأن حقوق
الأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات قومية أو إثنية وإلى أقليات دينية ولغوية
اعتمد
ونشر علي الملأ بموجب قرار الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة 47/135 المؤرخ في 18
كانون الأول/ديسمبر 1992
المادة 1
1.
على الدول أن تقوم، كل في إقليمها، بحماية وجود الأقليات وهويتها القومية أو
الإثنية، وهويتها الثقافية والدينية واللغوية، وبتهيئة الظروف الكفيلة بتعزيز هذه
الهوية.
2.
تعتمد الدول التدابير التشريعية والتدابير الأخرى الملائمة لتحقيق تلك الغايات.
المادة 2
1.
يكون للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات قومية أو إثنية وإلي أقليات دينية ولغوية
(المشار إليهم فيما يلي بالأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات) الحق في التمتع بثقافتهم
الخاصة، وإعلان وممارسة دينهم الخاص، واستخدام لغتهم الخاصة، سرا وعلانية، وذلك
بحرية ودون تدخل أو أي شكل من أشكال التمييز.
2.
يكون للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات الحق في المشاركة في الحياة الثقافية والدينية
والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والعامة مشاركة فعلية.
3. يكون للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات
الحق في المشاركة الفعالة على الصعيد الوطني، وكذلك على الصعيد الإقليمي حيثما كان
ذلك ملائما، في القرارات الخاصة بالأقلية التي ينتمون إليها أو بالمناطق التي
يعيشون فيها، على أن تكون هذه المشاركة بصورة لا تتعارض مع التشريع الوطني.
4. يكون للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات الحق في إنشاء الرابطات الخاصة بهم والحفاظ علي استمرارها.
4. يكون للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات الحق في إنشاء الرابطات الخاصة بهم والحفاظ علي استمرارها.
5.
للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات الحق في أن يقيموا ويحافظوا على استمرار اتصالات حرة
وسلمية مع سائر أفراد جماعتهم ومع الأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات أخرى، وكذلك
اتصالات عبر الحدود مع مواطني الدول الأخرى الذين تربطهم بهم صلات قومية أو إثنية
وصلات دينية أو لغوية، دون أي تمييز.
المادة 3
1.
يجوز للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات ممارسة حقوقهم، بما فيها تلك المبينة في هذا
الإعلان، بصفة فردية كذلك بالاشتراك مع سائر أفراد جماعتهم، ودون أي تمييز.
2.
لا يجوز أن ينتج عن ممارسة الحقوق المبينة في هذا الإعلان أو عدم ممارستها إلحاق
أية أضرار بالأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات.
المادة 4
1.
على الدول أن تتخذ، حيثما دعت الحال، تدابير تضمن أن يتسنى للأشخاص المنتمين إلى
أقليات ممارسة جميع حقوق الإنسان والحريات الأساسية الخاصة بهم ممارسة تامة
وفعالة، دون أي تمييز وفي مساواة تامة أمام القانون.
2.
على الدول اتخاذ تدابير لتهيئة الظروف المواتية لتمكين الأشخاص المنتمين إلي
أقليات من التعبير عن خصائصهم ومن تطوير ثقافتهم ولغتهم ودينهم وتقاليدهم
وعاداتهم، إلا في الحالات التي تكون فيها ممارسات معينة منتهكة للقانون الوطني
ومخالفة للمعايير الدولية.
3.
ينبغي للدول أن تتخذ تدابير ملائمة كي تضمن، حيثما أمكن ذلك، حصول الأشخاص
المنتمين إلى أقليات على فرص كافية لتعلم لغتهم الأم أو لتلقى دروس بلغتهم الأم.
4.
ينبغي للدول أن تتخذ، حيثما كان ذلك ملائما، تدابير في حقل التعليم من أجل تشجيع
المعرفة بتاريخ الأقليات الموجودة داخل أراضيها وبتقاليدها ولغتها وثقافتها.
وينبغي أن تتاح للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات فرص ملائمة للتعرف على المجتمع في
مجموعه.
5.
ينبغي للدول أن تنظر في اتخاذ التدابير الملائمة التي تكفل للأشخاص المنتمين إلى
أقليات أن يشاركوا مشاركة كاملة في التقدم الاقتصادي والتنمية في بلدهم.
المادة 5
1.
تخطط السياسات والبرامج الوطنية وتنفذ مع إيلاء الاهتمام الواجب للمصالح المشروعة
للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات.
2.
ينبغي تخطيط وتنفيذ برامج التعاون والمساعدة فيما بين الدول وتنفذ مع إيلاء
الاهتمام الواجب للمصالح المشروعة للأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات.
المادة 6
ينبغي
للدول أن تتعاون في المسائل المتعلقة بالأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات. وذلك، في جملة
أمور، بتبادل المعلومات والخبرات، من أجل تعزيز التفاهم والثقة المتبادلين.
المادة 7
ينبغي
للدول أن تتعاون من أجل تعزيز احترام الحقوق المبينة في هذا الإعلان.
المادة 8
1.
ليس في هذا الإعلان ما يحول دون وفاء الدول بالتزاماتها الدولية فيما يتعلق
بالأشخاص المنتمين إلى أقليات. وعلى الدول بصفة خاصة أن تفي بحسن نية بالالتزامات
والتعهدات التي أخذتها على عاتقها بموجب المعاهدات والاتفاقات الدولية التي هي
أطراف فيها.
2.
لا تخل ممارسة الحقوق المبينة في هذا الإعلان بتمتع جميع الأشخاص بحقوق الإنسان
والحريات الأساسية المعترف بها عالميا.
3.
إن التدابير التي تتخذها الدول لضمان التمتع الفعلي بالحقوق المبينة في هذا
الإعلان لا يجوز اعتبارها، من حيث الافتراض المبدئي، مخالفة لمبدأ المساواة الوارد
في الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان.
4.
لا يجوز بأي حال تفسير أي جزء من هذا الإعلان على أنه يسمح بأي نشاط يتعارض مع
مقاصد الأمم المتحدة ومبادئها، بما في ذلك المساواة في السيادة بين الدول،
وسلامتها الإقليمية، واستقلالها السياسي.
المادة 9
تساهم
الوكالات المتخصصة وسائر مؤسسات منظومة الأمم المتحدة، كل في مجال اختصاصه، في
الإعمال الكامل للحقوق والمبادئ المبينة في هذا الإعلان.
السبت، أبريل 21، 2012
الجمعة، مارس 27، 2009
Carpe-Vitam
Dear Mr. Issa Alhewetat,
Thank you very much for your kind attendance to the meeting at the
Grand Hyatt Hotel today. Mr. Peder Wallenberg has very happy to meet
you and your colleagues.
As you already know, unfortunately Mr. Wallenberg will have to travel
tomorrow and will not have the opportunity to attend the carefully
planned program to visit the Zarqa schools.
We hope however to receive a new chance during his next visit to Jordan .
Kind Regards,
Elisabeth E Wicksell P.A. to Peder Wallenberg
Dear Mr. Issa Alhewetat,
Thank you very much for your kind attendance to the meeting at the
Grand Hyatt Hotel today. Mr. Peder Wallenberg has very happy to meet
you and your colleagues.
As you already know, unfortunately Mr. Wallenberg will have to travel
tomorrow and will not have the opportunity to attend the carefully
planned program to visit the Zarqa schools.
We hope however to receive a new chance during his next visit to Jordan .
Kind Regards,
Elisabeth E Wicksell P.A. to Peder Wallenberg
Carpe Vitam / Open Mind
Stockholm Lemshaga Säteri S-134 61 Ingarö – Sweden
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Recycling Paper – Zarqa (REPZ)
Paper recycling information
The first who discovered paper (Cyperus papyrus ) as we know was ancient Egyptions A.D 4000 , after paper was produced from rags in AD 105 by Ts'ai Luin, who was part of the Eastern Han Court of the Chinese Emperor Ho Ti.
Paper is made from cellulose fibre, the source of which can be pulped wood, or a variety of other materials such as rags, cotton, grasses, sugar cane, straw, waste paper, or even elephant dung! In this country, wood pulp is the most common source material for the manufacture of virgin paper, i.e. paper which has no recycled content.
Why bother?
Although the raw material for making paper is predominantly trees, it is a common misconception that recycling waste paper saves trees
The nature of forests and where they are situated. As the demand for paper has increased, more timber has been needed to meet the demand for wood pulp.
By using waste paper to produce new paper disposal problems are reduced.
For every tones of paper used for recycling the savings are:
o at least 30000litres of water
o 3000 - 4000 KWh electricity (enough for an average 3 bedroom house for one year)
o 95% of air pollution.
Producing recycled paper involves between 28 - 70% less energy consumption than virgin paper and uses less water. This is because most of the energy used in papermaking is the pulping needed to turn wood into paper.
Recycled paper produces fewer polluting emissions to air (95% of air pollution) and water. Recycled paper is not usually re-bleached and where it is, oxygen rather than chlorine is usually used. This reduces the amount of dioxins which are released into the environment as a by-product of the chlorine bleaching processes.
Paper is a biodegradable material. This means that when it goes to landfill, as it rots, it produces methane, which is a potent greenhouse gas (20 times more potent than carbon dioxide). It is becoming increasingly accepted that global warming is a reality, and that methane and carbon dioxide emissions have to be reduced to lessen its effects. Please see our energy information sheet for more information on this.
About one fifth of the contents of household dustbins consist of paper and card, of which half is newspapers , books , copybooks and magazines. This is equivalent to over 4kg of waste paper per household every week.
Source: Analysis of household waste composition and factors driving waste increases - Dr. J. Parfitt, WRAP, December 2002
How's, what's and where's of recycling paper
What are the main types of paper in everyday use which can be recycled?
Office white paper
Newspapers, magazines, telephone directories and pamphlets
Cardboard
Mixed or coloured paper
Computer print out paper
School books and copybooks
What can I do to reduce the amount of paper being wasted?
* Try not to use as much in the first place! Use the back of sheets of paper as well as the front - look to see if that piece of paper you were going to put in the bin could be used as scrap paper for many uses eg to make a shopping list, to jot down your dental appointment or to leave a note for someone.
* Buy recycled paper products wherever possible.
* Reduce , Reuse, and recycle paper
* Reuse envelopes - sticky labels to cover the old address and re-seal the envelope are widely available, also made from recycled paper. Many charities sell them, so you can support them at the same time.
* Playgroups and schools may appreciate being given odd rolls of wallpaper, or any other kind of paper, for painting on or for other uses in the classroom. They are also often glad to receive newspapers to cover the tables for craft activities.
* When you buy a pint of milk or a soft drink, think about the container it is in.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Recycling Paper – Zarqa (REPZ)
Paper recycling information
The first who discovered paper (Cyperus papyrus ) as we know was ancient Egyptions A.D 4000 , after paper was produced from rags in AD 105 by Ts'ai Luin, who was part of the Eastern Han Court of the Chinese Emperor Ho Ti.
Paper is made from cellulose fibre, the source of which can be pulped wood, or a variety of other materials such as rags, cotton, grasses, sugar cane, straw, waste paper, or even elephant dung! In this country, wood pulp is the most common source material for the manufacture of virgin paper, i.e. paper which has no recycled content.
Why bother?
Although the raw material for making paper is predominantly trees, it is a common misconception that recycling waste paper saves trees
The nature of forests and where they are situated. As the demand for paper has increased, more timber has been needed to meet the demand for wood pulp.
By using waste paper to produce new paper disposal problems are reduced.
For every tones of paper used for recycling the savings are:
o at least 30000litres of water
o 3000 - 4000 KWh electricity (enough for an average 3 bedroom house for one year)
o 95% of air pollution.
Producing recycled paper involves between 28 - 70% less energy consumption than virgin paper and uses less water. This is because most of the energy used in papermaking is the pulping needed to turn wood into paper.
Recycled paper produces fewer polluting emissions to air (95% of air pollution) and water. Recycled paper is not usually re-bleached and where it is, oxygen rather than chlorine is usually used. This reduces the amount of dioxins which are released into the environment as a by-product of the chlorine bleaching processes.
Paper is a biodegradable material. This means that when it goes to landfill, as it rots, it produces methane, which is a potent greenhouse gas (20 times more potent than carbon dioxide). It is becoming increasingly accepted that global warming is a reality, and that methane and carbon dioxide emissions have to be reduced to lessen its effects. Please see our energy information sheet for more information on this.
About one fifth of the contents of household dustbins consist of paper and card, of which half is newspapers , books , copybooks and magazines. This is equivalent to over 4kg of waste paper per household every week.
Source: Analysis of household waste composition and factors driving waste increases - Dr. J. Parfitt, WRAP, December 2002
How's, what's and where's of recycling paper
What are the main types of paper in everyday use which can be recycled?
Office white paper
Newspapers, magazines, telephone directories and pamphlets
Cardboard
Mixed or coloured paper
Computer print out paper
School books and copybooks
What can I do to reduce the amount of paper being wasted?
* Try not to use as much in the first place! Use the back of sheets of paper as well as the front - look to see if that piece of paper you were going to put in the bin could be used as scrap paper for many uses eg to make a shopping list, to jot down your dental appointment or to leave a note for someone.
* Buy recycled paper products wherever possible.
* Reduce , Reuse, and recycle paper
* Reuse envelopes - sticky labels to cover the old address and re-seal the envelope are widely available, also made from recycled paper. Many charities sell them, so you can support them at the same time.
* Playgroups and schools may appreciate being given odd rolls of wallpaper, or any other kind of paper, for painting on or for other uses in the classroom. They are also often glad to receive newspapers to cover the tables for craft activities.
* When you buy a pint of milk or a soft drink, think about the container it is in.
Is there an accessible recycling bank for the packaging, or might you end up throwing it away?
It would be better to choose the product in the container you know you can dispose of locally for recycling. or give waste paper you have got to a school student
Contact Zarqa Muncipaity
3982131
3982132
3982133
Fax 3982455
or Recycling paper - Zarqa coordinator
Mobile : 0777417805
Where can I take paper for recycling?
In 1999 the teacher Mr Issa Hamad Alhewetat at Zarqa of Jordan was assigned by his Excellency the minister of education as a coordinator of Zarqa Recycling paper (REPZ) ; who in cooperation with volunteers and some workers had to collect old books and copybooks , expired exam papers , waste paper files and trash paper from about 100 schools at Zarqa Governate schools. Every student could bring out whatever waste paper from his house to school , Recycling team should make round daily to Zarqa Schools to collect the sacks of waste paper , and deliver them to paper factories , for the purposes of clean up earth and supporting national industry.
What about milk and juice cartons made from paper? Can they be recycled?
Cartons are not made from paper alone but comprise of about 75% paper, 20% plastic (polyethylene) and 5% aluminium foil. As they are an amalgam of materials, they cannot be recycled along with ordinary paper. They can be reprocessed into other items or incinerated to produce energy, or landfilled.
In 1999 the teacher Mr Issa Hamad Alhewetat at Zarqa of Jordan was assigned by his Excellency the minister of education as a coordinator of Zarqa Recycling paper (REPZ) ; who in cooperation with volunteers and some workers had to collect old books and copybooks , expired exam papers , waste paper files and trash paper from about 100 schools at Zarqa Governate schools. Every student could bring out whatever waste paper from his house to school , Recycling team should make round daily to Zarqa Schools to collect the sacks of waste paper , and deliver them to paper factories , for the purposes of clean up earth and supporting national industry.
What about milk and juice cartons made from paper? Can they be recycled?
Cartons are not made from paper alone but comprise of about 75% paper, 20% plastic (polyethylene) and 5% aluminium foil. As they are an amalgam of materials, they cannot be recycled along with ordinary paper. They can be reprocessed into other items or incinerated to produce energy, or landfilled.
Why should I buy recycled paper products?
The future of recycling ultimately depends on there being a market for the materials collected. Recycling is not just collecting materials and taking them to the recycling bank, it is about "closing the loop" and buying recycled too. Paper mills cannot continue to produce recycled paper if people do not buy items made from it.
Where can I buy recycled paper products?
Most supermarkets and high street stationers now sell a range of recycled products, such as writing paper, notebooks, file paper, diaries with recycled paper content, calendars, paper tablecloths and napkins, tissues, toilet rolls, kitchen paper and other items
What about the ink on the paper collected? How is it removed?
Sometimes the ink is not removed from the paper when it is reprocessed. The ink is dispersed into the pulp, discolouring it slightly, which is why recycled paper can have a greyish tinge. If the paper is to be de-inked, this can be done in one of two ways, by washing or flotation.
Washing - As the paper is pulped, chemicals can be added which separate the ink from the paper and allow it to be washed away in the large amounts of water used. (The water can then be cleaned and re-used.)
Flotation - Air can be passed through the pulp, producing foam which will hold at least half of the ink and can be skimmed off.
Sometimes the pulp is also bleached; hydrogen peroxide and chlorine are commonly used bleaches, though the former is the more acceptable as it breaks down into water and oxygen on disposal. Chlorine can combine with organic matter under certain conditions to produce organo carbons, including dioxins, which are toxic pollutants.
Although the de-inking process uses water and chemicals, it is still less harmful to the environment than the manufacturing process of new paper.
If you are buying paper in bulk for an office or business, it is worth looking for a supplier who can tell you what the recycled fibre content is, and whether it has been bleached using chlorine, as this is best avoided.
Approximately 20% of waste paper is lost as ink or plastics or because fibres are too weak.
What the law says
At present there are no laws directly targeting paper recycling. Paper, as a biodegradable material, is covered by the landfill directive, so there are targets for municipal waste as a whole,
Sources of further information
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/تارÙÅ
http://www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/InformationSheets/paper.htm
Where can I buy recycled paper products?
Most supermarkets and high street stationers now sell a range of recycled products, such as writing paper, notebooks, file paper, diaries with recycled paper content, calendars, paper tablecloths and napkins, tissues, toilet rolls, kitchen paper and other items
What about the ink on the paper collected? How is it removed?
Sometimes the ink is not removed from the paper when it is reprocessed. The ink is dispersed into the pulp, discolouring it slightly, which is why recycled paper can have a greyish tinge. If the paper is to be de-inked, this can be done in one of two ways, by washing or flotation.
Washing - As the paper is pulped, chemicals can be added which separate the ink from the paper and allow it to be washed away in the large amounts of water used. (The water can then be cleaned and re-used.)
Flotation - Air can be passed through the pulp, producing foam which will hold at least half of the ink and can be skimmed off.
Sometimes the pulp is also bleached; hydrogen peroxide and chlorine are commonly used bleaches, though the former is the more acceptable as it breaks down into water and oxygen on disposal. Chlorine can combine with organic matter under certain conditions to produce organo carbons, including dioxins, which are toxic pollutants.
Although the de-inking process uses water and chemicals, it is still less harmful to the environment than the manufacturing process of new paper.
If you are buying paper in bulk for an office or business, it is worth looking for a supplier who can tell you what the recycled fibre content is, and whether it has been bleached using chlorine, as this is best avoided.
Approximately 20% of waste paper is lost as ink or plastics or because fibres are too weak.
What the law says
At present there are no laws directly targeting paper recycling. Paper, as a biodegradable material, is covered by the landfill directive, so there are targets for municipal waste as a whole,
Sources of further information
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/تارÙÅ
http://www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/InformationSheets/paper.htm
السبت، يناير 24، 2009
Environment Online, ENO, is a global virtual school , community and
network for sustainable development. Schools around the world study the same environmental topics and share
their learning results in their local communities and worldwide on the web. The themes cover forests,
water, climate change, ecological footprint and cultural issues, for instance. Materia for each
themes are available in English on the ENO website. We have ENO shools in 150 countries. The age of
students varies from 12 to 18 years.
Tree planting has been one of the most popular activities since
2004. ENO Tree Planting Day in September 2009 gathered about 3000 schools in 122 countries and
about 300 000 trees were planted to celebrate the day. An ambitious goal is to empower schools in
every country to plant trees in 2011, the international year of forests. This long-term tree planting
campaign will finish in 2017 when Finland will celebrate its 100th anniversary. The target is to plant 100
million trees by ENO schools.
Climate change has been a regular theme in the ENO Programme since
the beginning, firstly in 2002. This theme has been studied through different kind of activities.
Students have written articles about the impact of climate change in their countries. They have made
radio interviews for ENO web radio, climate change related plays on videos available on the web and
marched during ENO campaign weeks. About 1000 schools in 102 countries took part to ENO Climate
Change Campaign in January 2009.
ENO was founded 10 years ago and it is coordinated by ENO Programme
Association based in Joensuu, Finland. ENO has numerous partner organizations and
networks including the United Nations Environment Programme and the University of Eastern
Finland. It has won 15 national and international awards, find the list below:
· European Umbrella Project for NetDays 2000, European Commission,
Paris, France · III Prize in EcoG@llery Europe 2000, Barcelona, Spain · III Prize in Childnet Awards 2001, Washington DC, USA · A Finalist in the Stockholm Challenge Awards 2002 , 2004 ,
Stockholm, Sweden · A Finalist in the Global Junior Challenge Awards, 2002 and 2004 ,
Rome, Italy · The Quality Prize In eLearning, 2003, Ministry of education,
Finland · A Rose For Environmental Education, a national prize, Turku,
Finland 2003 · Cyber Oscar Award, UN Summit on Information Society, Geneve,
Switzerland, 2003 · WWF Panda Prize Finland 2004 · A Special Mention in the Stockholm Challenge Awards, 2006 ,
Stockholm, Sweden · “My Favourite eLearning Resources”, European Commission, 2006 · Winner in the Global Junior Challenge Awards 2007, Rome, Italy · A Finalist in the Stockholm Challenge Awards, 2008, Stockholm,
Sweden · Energy Globe Awards, 2009, Prague, Czech Republic · Forestry Achievement of year 2009, Helsinki, Finland Websites:
· ENO programme website: http://www.enoprogramme.org/
· email: mika.vanhanen@enoprogramme.org
Queen Rania Pilot initiative
Motivated People
Ahlilhimmeh
The background of this poster is designed by Media plus<<<<
.jpg)
***************************************************************
New International Agreement Protects Civilians from Explosive Remnants of War
What is Protocol V?
What does the Protocol say about clean-up of ERWWhat are the provisions for record-keeping? How does the Protocol protect civilians and humanitarian workers from ERW?How can States Parties obtain international assistance?
Which are the countries that have agreed to abide by Protocol V?
When does Protocol V go into force?
How long we are united for peace keeping in all over the world , how simply Israel destroys civillians in Gaza war 2009
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
الاشتراك في:
الرسائل (Atom)
